News

The global freight forwarding market has grown by 2.7% in real terms since this time last year, but owing to a continuation of excess capacity issues and lower average oil prices, rates continue to fall in both air and sea freight. Forwarders now need to ramp up the value-add visibility services in an effort to boost revenues and keep shippers smiling.

Over the course of 2016, real revenue and volume growth in the air and sea freight forwarding markets was remarkably similar globally, but this disguises significant differences across important countries and regions, say analysts who keep a close eye on the market.

For example, airfreight forwarding growth in China is thought to have been robust this past year, while sea freight growth was much weaker. Conversely, the United States saw moderate expansion in sea freight as air cargo growth faltered over the same period.

Looking ahead to the next 12 months, the market is anticipated to grow at a real compound annual growth rate of 4.1%, as global trade volume growth accelerates. Meanwhile, logistics managers moving freight globally should plan their budgets accordingly.

According to the new “Global Freight Forwarding 2017 Report” compiled by the London-based think tank Transport Intelligence (Ti), a continuation of excess capacity issues and lower average oil prices in 2016 led rates to fall in both air and sea freight, meaning most forwarders reported lower year-on-year revenues.

Top 25 Global Freight Forwarders

Ranked by 2016 Logistics Gross Revenue/Turnover and Freight Forwarding Volumes*

A&A Rank	Provider	Gross Revenue (US$ M)	Ocean TEUs	Air Metric Tons
1	DHL Supply Chain & Global Forwarding	26,105	3,059,000	2,081,000
2	Kuehne + Nagel	20,294	4,053,000	1,304,000
3	DB Schenker	16,746	2,006,000	1,179,000
4	DSV	10,073	1,305,594	574,644
5	Sinotrans	7,046	2,950,800	532,400
6	Panalpina	5,276	1,488,500	921,400
7	Nippon Express	16,976	550,000	705,478
8	Expeditors	6,098	1,044,116	875,914
9	UPS Supply Chain Solutions	6,793	600,000	935,300
10	CEVA Logistics	6,646	681,600	421,800
10	GEODIS	6,830	690,000	330,000
11	Bolloré Logistics	4,670	856,000	569,000
12	Hellmann Worldwide Logistics	3,443	902,260	576,225
13	Kintetsu World Express	4,373	556,640	495,947
14	Yusen Logistics	4,169	633,056	332,389
14	Kerry Logistics	3,097	1,055,600	282,200
15	DACHSER	6,320	481,400**	272,100
16	C.H. Robinson	13,144	485,000	115,000
17	Agility	3,576	513,500	372,700
18	Hitachi Transport System	6,273	430,000	230,000
19	Toll Group	5,822	542,000	114,000
20	Damco	2,500	659,000	190,000
21	XPO Logistics	8,638	131,500	72,300
22	Logwin	1,095	600,000	140,000
23	NNR Global Logistics	1,676	146,278	286,897

 

“While air and sea volume growth picked up a bit in 2016, most forwarders experienced declining revenues on the back of substantial rate declines,” says David Buckby, an economist at Ti. “However, and as usual in such circumstances, the fall in forwarder sell rates did not match the drop in their buy rates, leading to improved gross profit margins.”

Over the medium term, Buckby expects growth to pick up in line with higher global trade volume forecasts in 2018, though risks are tilted to the downside due to factors such as political uncertainty and continued trade protectionism rhetoric.

Deep dive into the market

The Ti report also explores the performance of the top players against the rest of the market; disintermediation; regionalization; vertical sector opportunities and the effectiveness of online booking platforms.

On profitability performance, survey results indicate that excluding the impact of volume and rate changes, margin pressures for forwarders will intensify over the next five years. Indeed, researchers feel that with investment in technology and offering new or more value-added services, middlemen will develop more successful strategies to sustain margins. In addition, it appears that conventional forwarders are set to lose volume share to other parties like smaller, more technologically savvy 3PLs, but the threat may be “asymmetrical” for air and sea.

A deep dive into the world of freight forwarding technology reveals the disruption caused by digitization, changes to the competitive landscape, and, ultimately, whether forwarders can adapt and survive the upheaval being caused by the continued evolution of the digital supply chain.

“The research we’ve conducted indicates that there’s substantial demand for online interfaces that allow forwarders to better serve shippers,” says Ti analyst Alex Le Roy. “Nonetheless, it’s clear that the scope of these solutions, in terms of geographic coverage for example, needs to broaden in order for them to deliver value. This will occur, but we are now bearing witness to a race for scale amongst the start-ups.”

John Manners-Bell, CEO of Ti, also asserts that the forwarding sector is facing a challenging time, not least because the global economic environment has remained volatile and difficult to anticipate—though this was nothing new, and the sector has always coped well in such circumstances. He warns, however, that structural challenges such as trends toward regionalization and near-sourcing, coupled with greater technological demands, will prove more difficult to manage.

“Political, economic and technological pressure will continue to shape the industry in the coming year,” says Manners-Bell. “One thing is certain, whether large or small, freight forwarders will need to remain agile if they are to flourish in an uncertain and complex world.”

Digitize or die

The Ti report mirrors much of what’s contained in a recent survey conducted by the consultancy Logistics Trends & Insights. According to “The Evolving Freight Forwarding Market 2017,” digitization is looming large in the immediate future.

Cathy Morrow Roberson, president of the consultancy, maintains that the advent of non-traditional players riding the wave of e-commerce growth—such as Amazon, Alibaba, and the many new tech-based startups—are changing the face of forwarding.

“The digitization of supply chains has forced many traditional forwarders into investing and automating their processes,” says Morrow Roberson. “The new generation entering the logistics markets have grown up with the laptops and smartphones and expect business transactions to be the same or just as easy as ordering a pair of shoes from Amazon.”

When asked what improvement will be utilized the most over the next five years, 58% of responding shippers named “digitization,” with 92% of survey respondents saying “digitization adds value.” Furthermore, says Morrow Roberson, 58% of survey respondents view online freight marketplaces as an opportunity for traditional forwarders.

“In fact, we’re seeing partnerships being established between traditional forwarder and non-traditional,” says Morrow Roberson. “DB Schenker and uShip, for example. Schenker acquired an equity stake and is using uShip within the European road freight market. Drive4Schenker uses uShip technology to connect the some 30,000 transport partners in the European land transport network to their freight.”

Morrow Roberson adds that partnering with an online freight marketplace allows a traditional forwarder to offer a digital solution in a faster manner. As an example, she points out that DHL introduced its online marketplace—CILLOX—that matches full truckload and less-than-truckload shipments with available transportation providers.

“A big plus for digitization is that it levels the playing field for small- to medium-size forwarders as well as the larger ones,” says Morrow Roberson. “And it’s not only forwarders, but also shippers of all sizes. Shippers can take advantage of numerous online marketplaces, such as Freightos, to obtain a rate, book the freight and track it from beginning to end.”

According to Morrow Roberson, a drawback to many, if not all of these marketplaces, is that not all trade lanes are included; so shippers will need to choose wisely which marketplace to use and remember to compare rates among all of them, including those of traditional forwarders.

“The big question to ask,” cautions Morrow Roberson, “is as if the rates are published or negotiated.”

Margin watch

Dr. Zvi Schreiber, CEO of Freightos, a technology provider focused on instant freight quotes for freight forwarders and shippers, admits that the last quarter “ended on a somber note for digitization” due to cyber-attacks that temporarily crippled some of the major global forwarders.

“However, the shipping community will remain vigilant in safeguarding the progress we’ve made toward transparency,” says Schreiber.

The most recent Freightos newsletter, “LogTech Review: Q2 2017,” notes that during the second half of June, Amazon and Alibaba both held conferences in the United States, appealing to small and midsize businesses selling on their platform.

“While Alibaba was advocating sales to China as Amazon encouraged cross-border importing, both were clearly pursuing a small- to medium-sized business focus, as Big Box retailers continue to struggle,” says Schreiber.

For enterprise forwarders and carriers, the marching orders for the second quarter appeared to be freight visibility, as a number of companies unveiled solutions to enhance cross-supply chain visibility of shipments. The last-mile drone delivery space stayed hot, both in the air and on the ground. Meanwhile, Uber Freight formally launched its product, while continuing to face strong competition from other on-demand trucking startups.

“The second quarter of this year was a strong quarter for visibility technology,” says Schreiber, “particularly for DHL’s varied divisions.” DHL Global Forwarding launched Ocean View, which offers real-time updates on maritime shipments; DHL SupplyWatch, an AI program for identifying supply chain disruptions; and Saloodo, an online trucking marketplace.

Meanwhile, DP World also released a container visibility solution in the UK, as French startup Traxens unveiled a smart freight train tracking solution. In Germany, Panalpina launched a pilot ocean shipment management system. “Finally, CHAMP took tracking further with voice-based air cargo tracking via Alexa,” says Schreiber. “And the timing couldn’t be better.”

Brandon Fried, executive director of the Air Forwarders Association (AfA), agrees with Schreiber positive take on the innovation being pushed into the market, noting that while air cargo volumes have increased, margins remain depressed and most of AfA members are looking forward to more tech-driven opportunities in which profitability may improve.

“One influencing factor to consider is the growth of capacity we’ve seen over the past couple of years, keeping pricing at lower levels,” says Fried. “This increase in space is attributable to the large amount of new and efficient wide-body aircraft, each with generous belly space flying the popular trade lanes.”

Another significant factor inhibiting this growth in many cases lies with lower customer pricing agreements that may no longer reflect today’s market conditions. Once these contracts expire, says Fried, prices and margin should improve overall.

“However, new transport pricing agreements alone will not assure increased profitability, and this is why forwarders must be searching for more operational efficiencies that only technology can provide,” says Fried. “People still play a crucial role in our business, but technology will help them work smarter and provide an improved customer experience.”